Environmental Toxicant Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Updated Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence, Biological Mechanisms, and Gene-Environment Interactions
Objective: Update the evidence since the 2014 review by Rossignol, Genuis and Frye, separating robust findings from inconsistent, preliminary or controversial claims.
Scope: Epidemiological evidence, relevant biological mechanisms and gene-environment interactions, with explicit attention to confounding, exposure measurement, bias and the distinction between association and causation.